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1 Usage note : be
I am tired= je suis fatiguéCaroline is French= Caroline est françaisethe children are in the garden= les enfants sont dans le jardinIt functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:she’s a doctor= elle est médecinClaudie is still a student= Claudie est toujours étudianteThis is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:he’s a widower= il est veufButLyons is a beautiful city= Lyon est une belle villeFor more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.Grammatical functionsThe passiveêtre is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:the rabbit was killed by a fox= le lapin a été tué par un renardthe window had been broken= la fenêtre avait été casséetheir books will be sold= leurs livres seront vendusour doors have been repainted red= nos portes ont été repeintes en rougeIn spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.Progressive tensesIn French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.The presentFrench uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:I am working= je travailleBen is reading a book= Ben lit un livreIn order to accentuate duration être en train de is used: je suis en train de travailler ; Ben est en train de lire un livre.The futureFrench also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:we are going to London tomorrow= nous allons à Londres demainI’m (just) coming!= j’arrive!I’m (just) going!= j’y vais!The pastTo express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:he wrote to his mother= il a écrit à sa mèrehe was writing to his mother= il écrivait à sa mèreHowever, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:‘what was he doing when you arrived?’‘he was cooking the dinner’= ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’she was just finishing her essay when …= elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …The compound pastCompound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:I’ve been looking for you= je te cherchaisFor progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.ObligationWhen to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:she’s to do it at once= elle doit le faire tout de suitewhat am I to do?= qu’est-ce que je dois faire?he was to arrive last Monday= il devait arriver lundi derniershe was never to see him again= elle ne devait plus le revoir.In tag questionsFrench has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:their house is lovely, isn’t it?= leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?he’s a doctor, isn’t he?= il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?= c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’= ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?= tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:it’s not broken, is it?= ce n’est pas cassé, si?he wasn’t serious, was he?= il n’était pas sérieux, si?In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.In short answersAgain, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’= ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’= ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’= ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’ProbabilityFor expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.Other functionsExpressing sensations and feelingsIn expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:to be cold= avoir froidto be hot= avoir chaudI’m cold= j’ai froidto be thirsty= avoir soifto be hungry= avoir faimto be ashamed= avoir hontemy hands are cold= j’ai froid aux mainsIf, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.Discussing health and how people areIn expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:how are you?= comment allez-vous?( more informally) comment vas-tu?( very informally as a greeting) ça va?are you well?= vous allez bien?how is your daughter?= comment va votre fille?my father is better today= mon père va mieux aujourd’huiDiscussing weather and temperatureIn expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:it’s cold= il fait froidit’s windy= il fait du ventIf in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.Visiting somewhereWhen to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:I’ve never been to Sweden= je ne suis jamais allé en Suèdehave you been to the Louvre?= est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?Paul has been to see us three times= Paul est venu nous voir trois foisNote too:has the postman been?= est-ce que le facteur est passé?The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be. -
2 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang; -slang2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) skælde ud* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang; -slang2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) skælde ud -
3 The days of the week
Note that French uses lower-case letters for the names of days ; also, French speakers normally count the week as starting on Monday.Write the names of days in full ; do not abbreviate as in English (Tues, Sat and so on). The French only abbreviate in printed calendars, diaries etc.Monday= lundiTuesday= mardiWednesday= mercrediThursday= jeudiFriday= vendrediSaturday= samediSunday= dimancheWhat day is it?(Lundi in this note stands for any day ; they all work the same way ; for more information on dates in French ⇒ Date.)what day is it?= quel jour sommes-nous? or (very informally) on est quel jour?it is Monday= nous sommes lunditoday is Monday= c’est lundi aujourd’huiNote the use of French le for regular occurrences, and no article for single ones. (Remember: do not translate on.)on Monday= lundion Monday, we’re going to the zoo= lundi, on va au zooI’ll see you on Monday morning= je te verrai lundi matinbuton Mondays= le lundion Mondays, we go to the zoo= le lundi, on va au zooI see her on Monday mornings= je la vois le lundi matinSpecific daysMonday afternoon= lundi après-midione Monday evening= un lundi soirthat Monday morning= ce lundi matin-làlast Monday night= la nuit de lundi dernier or (if evening) lundi dernier dans la soiréeearly on Monday= lundi matin de bonne heurelate on Monday= lundi soir tardthis Monday= ce lundithat Monday= ce lundi-làthat very Monday= précisément ce lundi-làlast Monday= lundi derniernext Monday= lundi prochainthe Monday before last= l’autre lundia month from Monday= dans un mois lundiin a month from last Monday= dans un mois à dater de lundi dernierfinish it by Monday= termine-le avant lundifrom Monday on= à partir de lundiRegular eventsevery Monday= tous les lundiseach Monday= chaque lundievery other Monday= un lundi sur deuxevery third Monday= un lundi sur troisSometimesmost Mondays= presque tous les lundissome Mondays= certains lundison the second Monday in the month= le deuxième lundi de chaque moisthe odd Monday or the occasional Monday= le lundi de temps en tempsHappening etc. on that dayMonday’s paper= le journal de lundi or de ce lundithe Monday papers= les journaux du lundiMonday flights= les vols du lundithe Monday flight= le vol du lundiMonday closing (of shops)= la fermeture du lundiMonday’s classes= les cours de lundi or de ce lundiMonday classes= les cours du lundiMonday trains= les trains du lundi -
4 slang
slæŋ
1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) argot, jerga
2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) insultarslang n argottr[slæŋ]1 argot nombre masculino, jerga■ 'slammer" is slang for prison en argot "trullo" quiere decir cárcel1 de jerga, de argot1 familiar insultarslang ['slæŋ] n: argot m, jerga fadj.• germanesco, -a adj.n.• argot s.m.• jerga s.f.• jerigonza s.f.• lunfardo s.m.slæŋmass noun argot m[slæŋ]army/student slang — argot m or jerga f militar/estudiantil
1.to talk slang — hablar en argot or jerga
2.ADJ argótico, jergalslang word — palabra f del argot, palabra f argótica or jergal
3.VT * (=insult, criticize) poner verde a, injuriar* * *[slæŋ]mass noun argot marmy/student slang — argot m or jerga f militar/estudiantil
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5 Umgangssprache
f colloquial language; (saloppe Sprache, Slang) slang; die englische etc. Umgangssprache colloquial English etc.; ( die) Umgangssprache ist dort überall Englisch English is used everywhere there as the language of communication* * *die Umgangsspracheslang* * *Ụm|gangs|spra|chefcolloquial language or speech* * *(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang* * *Um·gangs·spra·chefdie griechische \Umgangssprache colloquial Greekin dieser Schule ist Französisch die \Umgangssprache the language spoken at this school is French* * *die colloquial language* * *die englische etcUmgangssprache colloquial English etc;(die) Umgangssprache ist dort überall Englisch English is used everywhere there as the language of communication* * *die colloquial language* * *f.colloquial language n.common parlance n.common speech n. -
6 slang
slæŋ 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) skjelle ut etter noterslangIsubst. \/slæŋ\/( språkvitenskap) slangslang word slangordIIverb \/slæŋ\/1) skjelle ut2) bruke slang -
7 familiaridad
f.familiarity.* * *1 familiarity, informality* * *noun f.1) familiarity2) informality* * *SF1) [en el trato] familiarity ( con with)2) [de estilo] familiarity, informality* * *femenino familiarity* * *= familiarity.Ex. The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.* * *femenino familiarity* * *= familiarity.Ex: The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.
* * *familiarity* * *
familiaridad sustantivo femenino
familiarity
familiaridad sustantivo femenino familiarity
' familiaridad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
confianza
English:
familiarity
- informality
- street cred
- street credibility
- unfamiliarity
* * *familiaridad nf1. [en el trato] familiarity;nos trató desde el principio con mucha familiaridad from the outset he dealt with us very informally2.* * *f familiarity* * *familiaridad nf1) : familiarity2) : informality -
8 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slangur2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) úthúða -
9 slang
szleng* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) szleng2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) szidalmaz -
10 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) calão2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) insultar* * *[slæŋ] n 1 gíria. 2 linguagem especializada, jargão, calão. schoolboy slang gíria escolar. thieves’ slang gíria dos malandros. -
11 slang
n. argo, meslek argosu————————v. argo konuşmak, küfretmek, azarlamak* * *argo* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) argo2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) argo konuşmak, küfretmek -
12 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) sleng2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) zmerjati* * *[slæŋ]1.nounslang, žargon, jezik, ki ga uporabljajo v mejah določenega stanu ali poklica, cehovski jezik, spakedran jezikthieves' slang — žargon tatov, zlikovcev;2.transitive verbuporabljati slang (žargon); prostaško govoriti; colloquially zmerjati (koga)slanging match slang silovit, vroč besedni boj z zmerjanjem -
13 slang
• slangi* * *slæŋ 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slangi2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) herjata -
14 familiare
1. adj family attr( conosciuto) familiar( semplice) informal2. m f relative, relation* * *familiare agg.1 domestic, homely, family (attr.): riunione familiare, family reunion; vita familiare, home (o family) life; bilancio familiare, household budget; gioie familiari, domestic joys; una piacevole atmosfera familiare, a pleasant homely atmosphere; aveva molti guai familiari, she had a lot of problems at home // (dir., comm.) società familiare, family company; (dir.) convenzioni familiari, family arrangement2 ( conosciuto) familiar, well-known; ( consueto) usual, normal, familiar: luoghi familiari, familiar (o well-known) places; questo atteggiamento brusco gli è familiare, this brusque behaviour is normal for him; il francese è la lingua che gli è più familiare, he's more familiar with French (than any other language)3 ( confidenziale) familiar, confidential: tono familiare, confidential tone; essere in rapporti familiari con qlcu., to be on familiar (o confidential) terms with s.o.4 ( semplice, senza cerimonie) informal, simple; homely, friendly: linguaggio familiare, informal (o colloquial) language; ricevere un trattamento familiare, to be treated like one of the family; il direttore ci ha riservato un trattamento familiare, the manager treated us very informally // pensione familiare, hotel with a friendly atmosphere (o family hotel)5 ( adatto per una famiglia) family (attr.): un prodotto in confezione familiare, family-size pack; automobile in versione familiare, estate car (o amer. station wagon)◆ s.m. ( parente) relative, member of a family: i miei familiari, my family (o relations o relatives) // (econ.) familiari a carico, dependency burden (o dependents)* * *[fami'ljare]1. agg1) (di famiglia) family attruna FIAT familiare — a FIAT estate Brit o station wagon Am
2) (noto) familiarquesto nome mi è familiare — I've heard this name before, I know the name
3) (intimo: rapporti, atmosfera) friendly, (tono) informal, (lessico: colloquiale) informal, colloquial2. sm/frelative, relationi miei familiari — my relations o family sg
* * *[fami'ljare] 1.1) [vita, equilibrio, pianificazione] family attrib.2) (noto, consueto) [viso, paesaggio, nome] familiar, well-known3) (alla buona) informal, friendly2.linguaggio familiare — informal o everyday language
sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile family member, member of a family3.sostantivo femminile (auto) estate car BE, station wagon AE* * *familiare/fami'ljare/1 [vita, equilibrio, pianificazione] family attrib.; bilancio familiare household budget; il nucleo familiare the family unit; per motivi -i for family reasons; impresa (a conduzione) familiare family business2 (noto, consueto) [viso, paesaggio, nome] familiar, well-known; l'autore non mi è familiare I'm not familiar with the author3 (alla buona) informal, friendlyII m. e f.family member, member of a family -
15 slang
[slæŋ]nome gergo m., slang m.* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang, gergo2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) ingiuriare, insultare* * *[slæŋ]1. n(gen) slang m inv, gergoschool/army slang — gergo studentesco/militare
2. adj(word) gergale3. vt(fam: insult, criticize) dirne di tutti i colori a* * *slang /slæŋ/A n. [u]slang; gergo; linguaggio convenzionale: soldiers' slang, gergo militare; thieves' slang, gergo dei ladri; lingua furbescaB a. attr.gergale: slang words, parole gergali.(to) slang /slæŋ/A v. i.B v. t.(fam.) ingiuriare; insultare; vituperare● slanging match, scambio d'insulti.* * *[slæŋ]nome gergo m., slang m. -
16 slang
nounSlang, der; [Theater-, Soldaten-, Juristen]jargon, der; attrib. Slang[wort, -ausdruck]* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) die Umgangssprache2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) beschimpfen* * *[slæŋ]army \slang Militärjargon mteenage \slang Jugendsprache fII. adj attr, inv Slang-* * *[slŋ]1. nSlang m; (= army slang, schoolboy slang etc) Jargon mgipsy slang — Zigeunersprache f (neg!)
2. adjSlang-3. vt (esp Brit inf)to slang sth — über etw (acc) schimpfen
* * *slang [slæŋ]A s1. Slang m, (Fach)Jargon m2. Slang m, saloppe UmgangsspracheB adj Slang…:C v/t besonders Br umg jemanden wüst beschimpfen:slanging match gegenseitige wüste Beschimpfung;they started a slanging match sie fingen an, sich wüste Beschimpfungen an den Kopf zu werfen* * *nounSlang, der; [Theater-, Soldaten-, Juristen]jargon, der; attrib. Slang[wort, -ausdruck]* * *n.Jargon -s m.Slang -s m.saloppe Umgangssprache f. -
17 slang
[slæŋ]n( informal language) slang m; ( prison slang etc) gwara f* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) żargon2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) rugać, obrażać -
18 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slengs; žargons2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) lamāt; gānīt; lamāties* * *slengs, žargons; slenga, žargona; izlamāt, nolamāt -
19 slang
[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) žargonas, slengas2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) dergti, koneveikti -
20 slang
n. slang, folkmun, gatuspråk--------v. skälla ut; säga skällsord, skälla på; tala slang* * *[slæŋ] 1. noun(words and phrases (often in use for only a short time) used very informally, eg words used mainly by, and typical of, a particular group: army slang; teenage slang; `stiff' is slang for `a corpse'.) slang2. verb(to speak rudely and angrily to or about (someone); to abuse: I got furious when he started slanging my mother.) skälla ut (på), okväda
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